What is Ergonomics?
According to OSHA, Ergonomics is the science of fitting the job to the worker. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affect the muscles, nerves, blood vessels, ligaments and tendons. Risk factors include activities such as lifting heavy items, bending, reaching overhead, pushing and pulling heavy loads, working in awkward body postures and performing the same tasks repetitively.
Examples of Musculoskeletal Disorders (following links open in new tab):
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | Tendonitis | Muscle strains and low back injuries
Rotator cuff injuries (affects the shoulder) | Epicondylitis a.k.a. Tennis elbow | Trigger Finger
Static Ergonomics
Static ergonomics refers to the study of how the body maintains a position or posture for extended periods without significant movement and to prevent injury and increase performance.
Areas included: Office Ergo | Lab Ergo | Cell phone use
Dynamic Ergonomics
Dynamic ergonomics is the study of how the body moves and interacts with its environment during tasks that involve motion to reduce incidence of injury and enhance performance.
Areas included: Facilities management | Material Handling
Ergo Resources
Peruse through to learn more about additional ergonomic resources like the role of Ergonomics Task Force, the chair lab or to contact us about a question you may have.
Areas included: Ergonomics Task Force (ETF) | Chair lab
Ergonomic Assessments
Not ready for an Ergonomic Assessment? Ask us a simple question using this link: Ask an expert form
Ergo FAQs
- You would be expected to complete an online self-assessment.
- Based on the self-assessment risk score, an In-person assessment may be conducted by EHS personnel to help address problem areas.
- An in-person assessment may result in equipment recommendations such as a new keyboard tray, an ergonomic chair, or a footstool etc.
- Typically, the employee who requested an assessment, gets their manager's approval on purchasing such equipment out of their departmental funds and the department administrator coordinates with the furniture vendors to place orders.
To request funds for a workplace accommodation (ADA), please refer to this page: Procedures for Employees with Disabilities to Request Workplace Accommodations.
- After scheduling with the employee, EHS personnel visits them at their office on Grounds to look at their work setup that's been causing them discomfort.
- Depending on the main area of discomfort for the employee, EHS personnel would recommend rearrangement of workspace elements for e.g., lowering the monitor, placing the mouse closer to the keyboard etc., within the work setup before deciding if purchase of ergonomic equipment is required or not.
- Ergonomic equipment may be recommended like a chair, sit-stand desk etc., if changes/rearranging of elements within the existing work setup are thought to be either not possible or do not help with employee's discomfort.
- Typically, the employee who requested an assessment, gets their manager's approval on purchasing any such recommended equipment using departmental funds and the department administrator coordinates with the furniture vendors to place orders.
To request funds for a workplace accommodation (ADA), please refer to this page: Procedures for Employees with Disabilities to Request Workplace Accommodations.
Every 20 minutes of working with a laptop, using your phone or any screen for that matter, it is recommended to look away from the screen and focus on an object 20 feet away for 20 seconds and blink so your eyes are lubricated.
Questions to ask before you decide to move heavy items:
- Is the load big, bulky, heavy?
- Does the weight of the item exceed 1/3 - 1/2 of your body weight?
- Must you twist to get the heavy item?
If the answer's 'YES' or even a maybe to any of the above, GET HELP.
If the answer is a definite 'NO', then:
- Plant your feet firmly on the ground.
- Bend at your knees (not your waist) and keep your back upright.
- Get a good grip by using both hands.
- Keep the load close to your body.
- Breathe - If you must hold your breath to lift it, it is too heavy - GET HELP.
- Push don't pull.
To learn more about how to lift heavy object and your safe lifting zone, refer the Material Handling page
Yes, here's a video that would help you ergonomically setup your office in about 3min: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8_ME4VwTiw
The principle that you need to follow to sit ergonomically while working with a microscope is similar to when working with a monitor.
- Place microscope in such a way that allows your arms to be at 90o - 110o when your arms are on the armrests.
- When resting your back on the backrest of the chair, the microscope head should conveniently be at eye level. If you need to slouch or bend to reach the microscope head, pull the microscope closer.
- If the stage control isn't level with your arms at 90o, place the microscope on, say, a stack of books to adjust height accordingly as a temporary measure.
To learn more about microscope ergonomics or other lab related equipment placement, please refer to Lab Ergonomics or request an ergonomic assessment.
There are a few things that you need to check for when working in an ergonomic position:
- Resting elbow angle between 90o- 110o (without shrugging your shoulders).
- Wrists and forearms parallel to the floor (if keyboard and mouse are on the desk or a keyboard tray) and close to the trunk of your body.
- Thighs parallel to the ground and knees between 90o- 110o.
- Feet firmly planted on the ground (or on a footstool).
If even one requirement is not satisfied from the above, you may need to make a few adjustments to meet all the requirements to achieve an ergonomic working posture. Visit the Office Ergo page to learn more.
- Stretch and warm-up before, during and after the work is done.
- Wear a good pair of gloves to dampen the effect of different intensities vibrations from using various equipment.
- If kneeling on the ground, use foam knee pads to cushion your knees against hard ground.
- Collect any leaves onto a giant tarp or cloth to reduce repetitive lifting.
- If you notice that your arms are raised and your head is tilted back, use a stool or a ladder to perform the task to level the working surface with your arm level.
- If you have to lift a heavy item, GET HELP. To learn more, visit the Material Handling page and if you want to learn more about gardening ergonomically, visit the Facilities management page
We do not recommend or condone a ball chair as an alternative to an approved task chair. Here's some research done by Cornell University to support the above statement:
1) Lighting
- Adjust level of lighting to slightly dimmer than general office lighting.
- Ophthalmologists recommend dimming overhead lights 30-50%.
- Use anti-glare screen if needed.
- Use task lighting.
2) Temperature comfort
- If possible, maintain comfortable working temperature of 68o to 72o (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) -- Thermal Conditions for Human Occupancy -- ASHRAE Standard 55-1981).
- Place a work order with the appropriate service desk to have temperature and lighting adjusted if needed.
The documents found here have been created by the members of the UVA Ergonomics Task Force. The information contained within them is believed to be reliable and current, but we make no guarantee and assume no responsibility as to its absolute correctness for all circumstances.
UVA Policy
ID: SEC-020 - Ergonomics