Since it is not known how much exposure to nanoparticles is safe, it is important to follow the precautionary principles and use procedures that minimize all routes of exposure (inhalation,skin contact, and ingestion). Currently, material safety data sheets (MSDS) may not provide accurate or helpful information. If you work with or plan to work with nanoscale materials, please contact the University Industrial Hygienist at the Office of Environmental Health and Safety at 982-4909. By observing your specific laboratory practices, we can provide you with customized recommendations to minimize environmental and safety threats. Accordingly, the following interim guidelines are provided to aid personnel in conducting safe, environmentally responsible research activities:
Minimizing aerosolization of nanomaterials and best work practices
- Working with nanomaterials in liquid media during pouring or mixing operations, or where a high degree of agitation is involved, grinding or degrading nanomaterials embedded in a solid matrix, and generating nanoparticles in the gas phase in nonenclosed systems all have the potential to aerosolize nanoparticles.
- Maintenance work on equipment used to produce or fabricate nanomaterials and the cleaning of dust collection systems used to capture nanoparticles also have the potential to aerosolize particles and should be considered as a potential source of inhalation exposure.
- Do not eat or drink in areas where nanomaterials are handled or processed. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water when you have completed experimental procedures and before leaving the laboratory.
- Fires and explosions are a potential safety concern with nanoparticles, so it is extremely important to avoid processes that generate significant quantities of dust.
Engineering controls and personal protective equipment
- Engineering controls designed for gaseous containment to prevent inhalation exposure during these types of activities, such as biosafety cabinets, chemical fume hoods or glove boxes should be suitable to minimize personal exposure.
- Respiratory protection can be employed when engineering controls are not feasible during processes that potentially generate aerosolized particles. However, respirators can only be used within the context of the University Respiratory Protection Program (which includes a medical evaluation, fit testing and training). Contact EHS for more information.
- When working with nanomaterials in liquid media, select gloves that have good chemical resistance to the solution the particles are suspended in. If working with a dry particulate, gloves should also be used. Double gloving may be necessary when extensive skin contact is anticipated.
Emergency spill protocol
In the case of a spill, avoid activities that may further create airborne nanoparticles, such as sweeping. Instead utilize wet methods or a HEPA filtered vacuum. Please contact EHS if you are uncertain how to proceed.
Disposal of nanomaterials
Before disposing of any nanomaterial or material that may contain nanoparticles, please contact the Office of Environmental Health and Safety at 982-4911.
Medical Surveillance
The goal of medical surveillance or health monitoring is to ensure that any health effects are detected early and specific types of health monitoring would arise from a risk assessment. Currently there are no medical surveillance guidelines for working with nanomaterials. If you have a question about the need for health monitoring, please contact Dr. Mark Kirk (924-0348) in the Department of Emergency Medicine.